QUIZ 4 YOUR NAME:___

1. For a SN II, order the following events chronologically (first - 1; second - 2; etc.)

   ___ fusion of lighter elements to produce iron

   ___ ejection of the envelope of the star

   ___ ``neutronization'' of the core and release of a flood of photons

   ___ initial collapse of the core as degeneracy is exceed

2. Mass transfer in binary systems is crucial for explaining which of the following phenomenon?

   ___ SN I    ___ SN II    ___ Algol-type binaries    ___ ``classical'' novae   

3. Which of the following observations support our current view that SN II are produced when the iron core of a massive star collapses?

   ___ Neutrinos were detected from SN1987a

   ___ There is a distinct drop in the number of white dwarfs at cool temperatures and low luminosities.

   ___ SN II are seen in the disks of galaxies near HII regions

   ___ Planetary Nebulae show enhanced abundances of Carbon and Oxygen

4. For 1 stars:

   (a) What elements are synthesized via fusion reactions? (b) How are these newly minted elements dispersed into the interstellar medium?

5. As far as we know, all the Gold (Au) on Earth was produced via what two processes? (Hint: Gold has a higher atomic number than Iron)

6. In a SN I outburst, the initial burst of light is due to the energy released in fusion reactions. What keeps the SN glowing after the first 15 days?

   ____ neutrino heating

   ____ photo-disintegration of Iron nuclei

   ____ radioactive decay of Nickel and Cobalt formed during the explosion

   ____ radioactive decay of Hydrogen and Helium formed in the Big Bang

7. Which elements existed in the early Universe?

8. How were the other elements in the Universe formed?

9. What element would result from adding five neutrons 56/26Fe and then having two of the neutrons ``beta-decay'' (that is, eject an electron each)?